DIXZA

What is sustainability to you?

2009-03-23T03:43:00.001-06:00

Title: What is sustainability to you?
Size: 150 x 80 cm
Materials: Wool, Natural dyes, Cotton.
100% Natural Recyclable and Compost able
Gestation: Jan 16th - 31st July 2007

This is the last rug I wove in my Zapotec Indigenous community in México.

The first line at the bottom is a smile; we have within us with everything we need to know and everything we need to be happy even the medicines! Shamans of ancient Mexico discovered that when we simile our body generates vibrations that heal itself! What do we really need and what do we really want?

The next thing I wove are the most cultivated grains in the world, when tourists visit my studio in Mexico I joke with them saying that my ancestors selected varieties of corn to feed humans, then the industrialized farms start feeding corn to their cows and recently industry is trying to feed corn to the cars! Certainly corn is the most cultivated grain in the world but the way in which is done raises questions about the way we relate to the land and mother earth, farmers teach us that our best legacy to the earth is how much top soil we create.

The next part is a tribute to the ancient grasses from which most of the previous grains come from, primitive humans by picking up the seeds of this grasses developed a symbiotic relationship that has lasted for thousands of years and by cultivating them we have dramatically changed the entire surface of the earth.

The next thing you see is just plain raw wool resembling clouds over the ancient grasses, I just wanted to point out at how after developing irrigation we started to disconnect with the natural rhythms and cycles of the water.

Next we have a chain of mountains that end up in the form of the hockey stick to resemble the CO2 famous graph with a hockey stick shape. I want to say that we shall not only focus on CO2 emissions yes they are contributors to global warming but the planet has gone through repetitive cycles of cooling and warming years before industrial revolution. The problem is that we are creating epoxies in the ocean our pollutants are increasing the acidity of the water threatening the coral reefs and plankton at the bottom of the food chain, species disappearing, top soil being depleted and unknown substances that bio-accumulate in the environment are a few other things that we also have to think about. The mountains also remind us of how our ancestors did not use to live in cities and towns, they were scattered in the mountains it was only after the conquest of Mexico during the colony that the towns were created, this concentration made the people vulnerable to diseases and violence they also became dependant of a feudal system of agriculture that transformed their diet, diversity and redundancy was lost.

The next things I wove are fire, wood, stone, more fire, metal, oil and a microchip design to represent the materials we’ve used for the pursue of “progress” the next element proposed in the form of a tufted green patch of wool is plant material that can be used and transformed to make all the products we need to satisfy our needs, plants use current solar energy, create oxygen, sequester carbon, create microclimates, soil and provides habitat to hundreds of species.

The main part in the middle represents the revenge of a Zapotec Warrior against the physical and spiritual Conquest of his land and his brothers. The cross is upside down with Jesus Christ Crucified naked, The warrior is wearing a cape with the life cycle symbol around it, he wears a Eagle mask to represent his heavenly nature and his arm is transformed into the wisest animal on the surface of the earth, the snake which represents his earthly nature.
There is a bid diamond in the middle of the rug, this diamond shape represents God’s eye: once we balance the energy of the four directions we are able to see the world through the eye of god, only then Wisdom comes to us, we shall not look for wisdom but look for ourselves and when we are ready wisdom will come. Numerous butterflies flying around God’s eye represent the wisdom each butterfly is of a different color, size and pattern because that’s how humans are and you may be able to identify with one of the butterflies in the rug.
The biggest challenge to sustainability is knowing who we are, what do we want and where do we want to do, Unless that doesn’t happen there will still be people killing each other for stupid reasons making their lives very unsustainable not to say what the relation to the earth and the children of other species might be like if this attitude continues. The question here is why our technology has advanced so much since the discovery of fire but our consciousness has not had the same exponential growth?

The next part is just another chunk of raw white wool to say, erase and start over again on a white sheet. Then I had the idea to weave with my eyes closed in order to develop a more intense connection to my inner to my intuition, but since the rug was getting too stretched in then I decided I wanted to see again but that I should stop thinking in my weaving, just doing whatever I wanted to do, in the next stage I just relaxed and wove simple plain lines of color and at the end I finished with a transformed design of the life cycle symbol woven in the cape of the warrior. We all have a different learning process and we may arrive to different patterns at the end of the life cycle but the most important thing is to start the journey!

MICTLAN "DIA DE MUERTOS" DAY OF THE DEAD

2008-10-28T19:42:00.001-06:00

MICTLAN
Cargado originalmente por dixzarugs

Traditional Altar set up for the day of the Dead.
This is my Godfather's house in Teotitlan del Valle, OAXACA - MEXICO

The tradition passed to us by word of mouth says that when we die our essence travels to 'Mictlan', the world of the unfleshed ones. But every year we will have a chance to come back to this world and visit our beloved ones.

When you come back on the day of the dead, you will be able do everything you used to do when you were alive, you can talk but you won't be heard, you can eat but you wont consume, and this is because you have no more consciousness because when you die you give it back to 'Pitao' the divine essence.

The sugar cane will indicate you the portal that you have to cross to enter the "real" world, the light of the candles will provide guidance, once you smell the 'copal' (a type of incense) you will know you have arrived.

There will be plenty of food and beautiful flowers recently harvested. You will feel like you are still alive because your beloved ones have not forgotten you, they will welcome you with the best dishes, the most delicious hot chocolate, big loafs of soft bread specially decorated for you, there will be plenty of fruit to enjoy and even to take back to the other world. People will gather at night, they will visit each other’s houses and talk about the ones who had gone ahead to the other world.

There are four different places where you could end up, depending on how much consciousness you generated.

The first place is where the God of the Sun lives, is where he keeps the fire of the creation, the sun being the main source of life, energy and consciousness is the symbol used to represent that place and is where you go when you become a shaman, they say that you return to the sun, you become part of tha divine energy. A shaman can “see” how the energy flows in the world, that is how he creates consciousness by understanding the flow of energy, he is able to talk to plants and animals, to entities or spirits that also inhabit this world with us but that do not have enough energy to have a physical body. To become a shaman one must have won the battle against death, death is just one arm behind us, it is always stalking and one day if you are not ready it will touch your left shoulder and you will die. A common ritual to become a shaman consists in Jumping from a cliff, in that way when you are falling you are deliberately faced to your death, right then there are no other options, there is no other time, no past no future, the only option is to gather enough will and be able to ‘stop the world’ stop the world as we know it, you will need to gather enough energy to shift your attention to other possibilities to other vibrations, some shamans will transform into their ‘nahual’ into an Eagle, into a Jaguar, a serpent, or even fire, wind, rain or any other thing according to your essence.

The second place where you may end up, is the place where the God of the water lives, this is where you go if you became a warrior, and fought against death but lost your battle, in this place there is plenty of food and shelter, it is your gift to recognize your effort in creating more consciousness, it was not easy, it was a tough battle, you managed to eliminate your ego and fears, you became responsible for every single action you did and you helped a lot of people along the way. Here you will rest until you have another chance to go back to the world and dream again.

In the third place you will see the tree that nourishes life, you will go to this place if you became aware of your divine essence but did not managed to become a warrior and fight your ego and fears. You will be nourished to gain more energy until you have another chance to go back to the world of the fleshed ones.

The fourth place is MICTLAN the reign of Mr and Mrs MICTLANTECUTLI, if you did not purified yourself by fighting against everything that corrupts your consciousness, you will get purified in this way in other to arrive to the place, the trip could last 4 years but if you get stuck you will remain in that part an eternity.
1. First you have to cross a very tough and long and cold river, Xólotl the giant dog will help you, but if you mistreated a dog in your life he won’t help you and you will have to cross by yourself.
2. Walking your way to MICTLAN you will have to pass in between two mountains that are constantly crashing on each other, here you will loss all of your belongings including your mind.
3. Then you will have to walk barefoot on a hill covered with flints and obsidian in this way you may learn to control yourself.
4. Then you will arrive to a valley where the wind will blow off your skin and then you will head to 8 hills where never stops snowing.
5. Then you will cross a desert where you will experience the hottest days and the coldest nights.
6. The next place is where you get wounds of arrows, two invisible hands are permanently shooting at you.
7. In the seventh place the great Jaguar will open your chest and eat your heart, you will give back the most pristine feelings of the human essence. Your body will be carried to the next place by a giant lizard.
8. This place is very foggy and you have to come across 9 rivers to learn how to “see” without eyes.
9. Finally you have arrived to the last place, now you can rest peacefully until Mr and Mrs MICTLANTECUTLI come to tell you go back to live your mortal dream again.

ZAPOTEC TRADITIONS, CONVITE

2008-07-13T05:15:00.001-05:00

FERIA ANUAL EN HONOR A LA PRECIOSA SANGRE DE CRISTO.
It is the name of the festival in Teotitlan del Valle.
There are three main rituals.

This is the first.

The sacred procession where all the single girls of the town dress in the traditional hand woven wool "ENREDO" (Wrapper) dyed in red using the famous natural dye called Cochineal. They use the blood of this bug to dye the wool.

Single girls, with elegance and beauty they carry hand made baskets decorated with religious motifs both Zapotec and Catholic. With flowers and hundreds of colors they walk on the sacred route around the town accompanied by the Brass Band in the front and the end!

Is funny to see boys with their cameras taking pictures and videos of the girls they like, often they watch the procession at one corner once they have seen everything, they run (or bike) as fast as they can to the other good spot to see all the girls again. I wonder how many couples have been formed after this procession ¿?

I suspect that the procession has its roots in ancient Zapotec ritual where they took the Goods outside of the temples. The zapotec religion is very close to the People and Nature, God is here and there, everywhere, not just up there in the Sky. Everyone in Teotitlan del Valle has a sacred room in his house, it is called “LEENIU SHAAN” and is where they keep an altar of their Gods and Saints with fresh flowers all year round.

In many indigenous and traditional communities people only take their Gods outside of the temple when they needed really special favors, like in the case of a sever drought. It is very well known that many of this indigenous communities often placed their Pre-Columbian goods hidden under the catholic Saint, Virgin or Jesus during these processions.

COME TOMORROW TO TEOTITLAN DEL VALLE!

2008-07-13T03:50:00.002-05:00

IMG_3815.JPG
Cargado originalmente por dixzarugs

Starting at noon SUNDAY JULY 13TH 2008, the feather dance will be executed all day until 9pm!

There will be a lot of people, free beer and Mezcal for everyone and we have fun and games in town too!

Necesitamos un Mercado de Abastos más limpio! TEOTITLAN DEL VALLE

2008-07-13T01:44:00.008-05:00

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>------------>
1. Necesitamos una estación de radio!
2. Debemos mantener un mercado de abastos más limpio!

Quieres ayudar?
Ideas para mejorar?
Comenta y Suxcribete!
<--------------<<<<<<<<<<<<

Asunto: Cortinas de Cuenta (de bolitas) colgantes para mejorar la
limpieza del Mercado de Abastos Municipal

H. AYUNTAMIENTO MUNICIPAL
C. LORENZO VICENTE MENDOZA
Teotitlan del Valle, 04 de Julio de 2008

Por este medio me dirijo a usted de manera atenta y respetuosas para hacerle llegar una solución al problema que aqueja las instalaciones del Mercado de Abastos Municipal.

Uno de los mayores problemas es la suciedad causada por las aves urbanas, principalmente las palomas que son las aves más dañinas para la salud y calidad ambiental, éstas siempre se han aprovechado de las instalaciones construidas por el ser humano.

Al estar abiertas las puertas del Mercado estás aves aprovechan (incluso durante las horas activas del mercado) para entrar adentro del mercado y como es sabido unas llegan hasta anidar y reproducirse dentro de las instalaciones, lo cual trae como consecuencia que ensucian con heces, plumas y no solo eso sino que las palomas son vectores de distintas enfermedades. Incluso son huéspedes de ectoparásitos tales como los chinches, piojos, garrapatas y ácaros.

Las palomas son contaminates de alimentos crudos como elaborados, al ser portadoras de microorganismos como: Virus, Bacterias, Hongos, Clamidias y Rickettsias.
Existen más de 40 enfermedades asociadas a la presencia de palomas.
Agentes infecciosos transmitidos por palomas:
Bacteriosis: Listeriosis, Salmonelosis, Enteritis (vibriónica), Campilobacteriosis
Micosis: Aspergilosis (Asma y Alergias), Histoplasmosis, Criptococosis
Virosis: Encefalitis Primavero-estival rusa, fiebres hemorrágicas, Influenza (A,B,C), Encefalitis de Newcastle

Reconociendo y agradeciendo el interés, la dedicación y compromiso que la Autoridad ha dedicado al Mercado de Abastos en los últimos días, me gustaría contribuir con mi granito de arena, y en ese orden de ideas PROPONGO EL USO DE CORTINAS COLGANTES DE CUENTAS (de bolitas) para que ésta sea una barrera que impida que las palomas puedan entrar incluso durante las horas activas de compra y venta en el mercado, que es cuando se necesita mantener las puertas abiertas. (Anexo imagen al reverso)

Sin más por el momento, reciban un cordial saludo y de antemano mi agradecimiento y reconocimiento.

Atentamente.

SAMUEL BAUTISTA LAZO

C.C.P. REGIDOR DE MERCADO DE ABASTOS

PROYECTOS PARA TEOTITLAN DEL VALLE! Estacion de Radio

2008-07-13T01:32:00.003-05:00

1. Necesitamos una estación de radio!
2. Debemos mantener un mercado de abastos más limpio!

Quieres ayudar?
Ideas para mejorar?
Comenta y Suxcribete!

A QUIEN CORRESPONDA.

Teotitlan del Valle, Tlacolula, Oaxaca a 03 de Julio de 2008.

Por medio de la presente los que aquí signamos vecinos de la comunidad de Teotitlan del Valle, nos dirigimos a usted de la manera mas atenta y respetuosa para hacerle de su conocimiento nuestra necesidad de mejorar los medios de comunicación en nuestra comunidad, proponemos crear una estación de radio para Teotitlan del Valle.

Los medios de comunicación han avanzado a pasos agigantados en las últimas décadas, y con el advenimiento del Internet el crecimiento es exponencial y no queremos quedarnos rezagados.

La Estación de radio tendrá el propósito de ofrecer los siguientes servicios y beneficios:

➢ Ser un medio de comunicación para unir a la comunidad y mantenerla informada interactuando de manera participativa.

➢ Servir como medio de comunicación masivo al H. Ayuntamiento Municipal y a todos los sectores y comités de la comunidad.

➢ Ser un medio para los grupos e individuos que tengan interés en dirigirse a la comunidad en general manteniendo una política de respeto y tolerancia.

➢ Ayudar a la economía local proporcionando un medio para la sana publicidad y voz de los consumidores.

➢ Ser un transmisor de conocimiento, ciencia, arte, cultura y tradición.

➢ La radio tendrá el compromiso de ayudar a la preservación del idioma Zapoteco.

➢ La radio será un espacio abierto y plural sin afiliación de ningún tipo, siempre y cuando se mantengan los principios de respeto, tolerancia, igualdad, honestidad, integridad y actitud positiva.

Los que al calce firmamos manifestamos nuestro interés y apoyo en la realización de este proyecto que está sujeto a mejora continua.

Sin más por el momento, reciba un cordial saludo.

Vo.Bo.

C. Lorenzo Vicente Mendoza.
PRESIDENTE MUNICIPAL CONSTITUCIONAL.
TEOTITLAN DEL VALLE.

FIRMAMOS EN APOYO PARA UNA ESTACIÓN DE RADIO EN TEOTITLÁN DEL VALLE, Mejores Medios de Comunicación para el Siglo XXI

Nombre - Edad Ocupación Comentarios, Tel, Email Firma

QUIERO ESTUDIAR PERMACULTURA!

2008-07-11T21:59:00.002-05:00

FUNDACIÓN COMUNITARIA OAXACA
Cc. Sinergia A.C., Granja TIXIB...

Estimados Señores y Señoras.

Reciban un cordial Saludo!

Les saludo motivado por la necesidad de obtener su apoyo en el financiamiento de mis estudios en Permacultura (02 al 30 de Agosto del 2008) en la Granja Ecológica TIXIB http://www.granjatixib.com/talleres.html

Tengo un interés profundo y genuino por la sustentabilidad, he descubierto que ésa es mi pasión en la vida, esto me ha llevado a ser aceptado en "THE UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL" para hacer mis estudios de Doctorado directo en el programa de investigación "Diseño para la Sustentabilidad", mi investigación estará enfocada al diseño de una metodología que las pequeñas y medianas empresas puedan utilizar para diseñar procesos productivos que sean sustentables y que al mismo tiempo les permitan ser exitosos en el mundo de los negocios. (Archivo Adjunto, anteproyecto de investigación)

Para lograr lo anterior he concluido que estudiar permacultura será de gran valor para lograr mis objetivos, la idea es utilizar los principios y técnicas de Permacultura en la metodología que pretendo diseñar y probar en mi proyecto doctoral.
Así también tendré la capacidad para promover la Permacutura y asesorar a los campesinos en mi comunidad y si es posible más allá de ella.

El costo del curso de Permacultura es de 1 500 USD el cual no puedo pagar por provenir de una familia de recursos limitados, de hecho mantuve mis estudios de Licenciatura en Ingeniería Industrial con la Beca ofrecida por el PRONABES, lo mismo con mis Estudios de Posgrado en el Extranjero, estoy en espera de los resultados de las BECAS otorgadas por el CONACYT.

Agradezco de antemano la atención que tenga a bien brindar a la presente, y esperando su pronta respuesta, reciba un cordial saludo.

Atentamente,
Samuel Bautista Lazo.

-- DIXZA--
ING. SAMUEL BAUTISTA LAZO
2 de Abril # 14, Teotitlan del Valle, Oaxaca 70420. MEX
Ph/Fx: [52] 951 524 4173
Cell: [521] 951 142 7478

skype: samuel.bautista.lazo
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messenger: 3venado@gmail.com

BEYOND SUSTAINABILITY FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZE COMPANIES: INDUSTRIAL METHODS

2008-06-12T17:16:00.002-05:00

Research Proposal
BEYOND SUSTAINABILITY FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZE COMPANIES: INDUSTRIAL METHODS.
Samuel Bautista Lazo
Email: 3venado@gmail.com

1. Introduction.
The guiding question of my research proposal is to find out what kind of methodology is needed to lead industry beyond sustainability? Not to merely comply with regulations or customer demands regarding the environment, but to perform in such way that is intrinsically beneficial to the Planet, People and Profits, leaving behind current expectations and regulations.

McDonough and Braungart (2003) describe regulations as “ a signal of design failure” meaning that regulations are the Corrective Action’ (as defined by ISO 9000:2004 Quality Standards) taken to fix problems after the event. By designing a new methodology to perform beyond regulations we will be proactively leading the industry to go from Sustainability to ‘GrowthAbility’, an approach where ‘growth is good’ and positive, (McDonough and Braungart, 2003) a paradigm where a company is not only sustainable but also restorative (Shriberg, 1999).

Measuring the degree in which growth correlates with benefices for the Planet, People and Profits could indicate if the company is doing the right thing to ensure success. This approach would not only focus on how to save money by being sustainable but on how to make more money (Anderson 2008). A ‘growthable’ approach would build a life support system for people to work rather than a work support system for people who don't have a life as McDonough (2003) has pointed out.

Industry has developed innumerable best practices, philosophies and methodologies aimed to improve operation, concepts such as Empowering, Total Quality Management, JIT (Just in Time), Zero defects, Lean manufacturing and Six Sigma among others without mentioning all the International Standards such as ISO. Industry certainly needs to readapt such tools or develop new ones in order to compete in the “new gold rush”. (That is how California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger calls the rush of companies toward sustainability, Simpson, et al., 2007)

2. Literature review

There are already many tools to help companies become sustainable; they can use Ecological Footprint Analysis (EFA) to figure out what is their impact on the environment and start aiming efforts to reduce those.

“EFA seeks to provide a unified, comparable measure of human ecological impact known as the “ecological footprint” (Ohl, et al., 2008)

But even if academy presents consistent studies and detailed tools they often result in difficult approaches and complicated tools, a typical example is Life Cycle Assessment, on the other hand companies prefer user friendly tools that simplify decision making therefore the need of innovative methodologies whit a strategic based approach, Schiavone et al. (2008)

Companies are starting to implement changes in order to become more sustainable, there are many successful cases such as Interface Inc. (Anderson, R. 2007) whose CEO took a new thinking approach and the company redesigned the production line from scratch eliminating every possible source of inefficiency from the roots, Interface Inc., also used the biophilia hypothesis (Wilson, 1995, referring to humans' "love of living things" - our innate affinity with nature) in conjunction with a biomimicry (--usually called Bionics in Europe--is getting ideas from nature for the way we make or do things, Flaudi, 2005) approach to redesign the carpets ending up with the design called entropy which mimics the ‘orderly chaos’ of forest floors, the new design made easier the laying of carpets, because there was no prearranged pattern to match, he also eliminated the of most of the toxic materials and also created a new pattern printing process that reduced their ‘ecological footprint’, and in doing so he began to ‘climb the mountain of sustainability’ ‘greening’ his company in every possible way, this not only saved money but made the company more profitable and competitive.

Like that case there are many other cases of successful companies that have stepped in the path of sustainability, Stonyfield Farm, the third-largest yogurt company in the United States and the world’s leading producer of organic yogurt is making money while saving the world says Hirshberg (2008). In the retail industry Dach, L (2008) talks about Sustainability 360: a holistic approach to sustainability at Walmart. In April 2008 FedEx announced that its fleet of hybrid delivery vehicles exceeded two million miles of revenue service (Environmental Defense Fund, 2008). Holliday (2006) informs that since 1990, DuPont has reduced their global green house emissions by 72% and their global air carcinogen emissions by 92%, well beyond legal requirements. Dupont also commits to reduce water use by 30% over the next ten years. By 2015, DuPont will grow its annual revenues by at least $2 billion from products that create energy efficiencies and/or significant greenhouse gas emissions reductions for its customers.

Green Tick based on Life Cycle Assessment emerged as a certification brand dedicated to sustainability, (Green tick, 2008). McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry, LLC offers Cradle to Cradle SM Certification, which is founded on Intelligent Product Design and the Hannover principles, and includes requirements for:
• Product/Material transparency and human/environmental health characteristics of
materials
• Product/Material reutilization
• Production energy
• Water use at manufacturing facility
• Social fairness/corporate ethics
(MBDC, 2008)

Industry needs new tools to face the new challenges of the 21st Century, we see how the bar of Sustainability is rising higher and higher and just like we had breakthroughs methodologies to improve Quality and Productivity Industry needs breakthrough methodologies for Sustainability issues. A systemic methodology that can integrate the state of the art tools with best practices, if designed to be easy to understand and implement it will be able to spread quickly and influence industry.

3. Methodology
The research will be based on an intensive case study analysis and it will consist of four main phases.

1. INTENSIVE CASE STUDY ANALYSIS
This will require access to online databases and journals.

2. DEVELOPMENT OF A THEORETICAL METHODOLOGY
Applying academic principles and intensive reviews from scholars and peers will help to shape the methodology. The methodology will bear idea of ‘Growthability’ and will synthesize clear steps towards the ideal standard.

3. IMPLEMENTATION TRIAL IN THE LOCAL INDUSTRY
By proactively seeking contact with the local industry we will partner with local companies offering our consulting services at no charge in order to help them become more sustainable by implementing the proposed methodology while studying its effectiveness.

4. REVIEWS AND CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT
By measuring the results of the trial phase, we will be able to further improve the methodology.

4. Expected results
The research is aimed to provide a methodology that can be used by industry when deploying efforts to become sustainable. By studying the most successful cases in the biggest companies and their approach to sustainability, we may be able to derive a clear methodology that can be used to reap the same benefits. The methodology we are seeking to develop will be oriented to companies in their early stages towards Sustainability and mainly focused for medium size and small size companies.

5. Reviewed and approved

Tim Short, Primary Supervisor.
Notes:

REFERENCES.

Anderson, R. (2008), ‘Explore what sustainable practice can do for your business’, InterfaceFlor, available at: http://www.interfaceflor.eu/internet/web.nsf/webpages/5225_EN.html (Accessed June 10th, 2008)
Anderson, R. (2007), ‘Ray Anderson-New thinking- A better way!’ Office of Sustainability Initiatives, Arizona State University iTunesU Video. (Accessed June 11th, 2008)
Dach, L. (2008), ‘Sustainability 360: a holistic approach to sustainability at Walmart’, Yale Environment, Yale University iTunesU video. (Accessed on June 9th 2008)
Environmental Defense Fund (2008), Corporate Partnership, FedEx, http://www.edf.org/page.cfm?tagID=1453 (Accessed on June 11th 2008)
Green tick (2008)
Hirshberg, G. (2008), ‘Stirring it up: How to make money and save the world, Yale University, iTunesU podcast. (Accessed on June 3rd, 2008)
MBDC (2008), Cradle to Cradle SM Certification Program, McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry, LLC, Charlottesville, Virginia. Available at: http://www.c2ccertified.com/
McDonough (2003), ‘Design Buildings to Make Oxygen, Not Consume It, Counsels Architect William McDonough’, Stanford Graduate School of Business/Honors and Awards, June 10th, 2008, http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/news/headlines/2003_vongugelberg.shtml

McDonough, W. and Braungart, M. (2003), ‘Regulation and Re-design’, William McDonough, June 06th, http://www.mcdonough.com/writings/regulation_redesign.htm
Schiavone, F., Pierini, M. and Eckert, V. (2008) ‘Strategy-based approach to eco-design: an innovative methodology for systematic integration of ecologic/economic considerations into product development process’, Int. J. Sustainable Design, Vol. 1,pp.29–44.
Shriberg, M. (1999), ‘Development of a Sustainability Management Framework for the University of Michigan Housing Division’, Center for Sustainable Systems, Report No. CSS99-0, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, pp 10-36
Simpson, S., Ward, D. and Rolfsen, C. (2007), ‘Green Rush’ Global BC, June 11th, http://www.canada.com/globaltv/bc/story.html?id=afa4460f-b9c3-4dcd-8285-e21d9077a88d&k=91965
Ohl, B., Wolf, S. and Anderson W. (2008) ‘A modest proposal: global rationalization of ecological footprint to eliminate ecological debt’
Wilson, E. O (1995), ‘Biophilia and the conservation ethic’ in Kellert S. R., and Wilson, E. O., The Biophilia Hypothesis, Island Press, Washington, DC

QUE PADRE ES SER PADRE!

2008-05-30T22:11:00.002-05:00

Autor: hijo descarriado

Para todo en la vida hay un opuesto complementario
Para que haya vida debe haber armonía y equilibrio
Donde se besa el cielo y la tierra, el hombre y la mujer
A semejanza de Dios crean la consciencia de un nuevo ser

Un nuevo ser es un nuevo Dios, un nuevo opuesto complementario
Que viene a cumplir otra misión única e imprescindible
Otro Dios en el terreno de los mortales, camina triste y solitario
Buscando la luz que lo guíe en su misión imposible

El terreno de la vida es inmenso y desconocido;
Oscuro en sus barrancos, frondoso y tupido
En sus montañas, fácil de andar y colorido
Es sus amplios valles, pero siempre temido.

Dónde estará la luz, donde encontrará al maestro
En la vida se pierde, llora, reflexiona y aprende
Busca y no para de caminar esperando un encuentro
En la vida se regocija, ríe, goza y la luz se enciende.

Donde se besa el cielo y la tierra, el hombre y la mujer,
Sembraron la luz en la consciencia de un nuevo ser,
La mujer con su ternura y cariño preparó la tierra
En hombre con su fuerza y destreza hizo la siembra

La luz de la vida, ilumina el altar de Dios,
Produce armonía y equilibrio para encontrar el camino
Que lleva a la conciencia del ser a conquistar su destino
Sin temor a lo imposible porque ha nacido de Dos

Hand Made Zapotec Rug: "The shaman of the mountains"

2008-05-21T19:40:00.010-05:00

Size: 23'' by 39'' / 60cm x 100cm / 1.9' by 3.2'
Weight: 1.6 pounds, 0.7 Kg
Price: 60 USD

Hand made wool rug.
The rug tells the story of a youn Zapotec who became a shaman at a very young age, during a Journey to the mountains in Ixtlan de Juárez the young boy met a muleteer on the road. The muleteer saw the vibrant energy in the young boy. He committed to teaching the ancient knowledge to the young boy and by using the help of the spirits of the mountains the young boy learned in days what takes years for others to learn.

1.-
The row of life cycle symbols, at each end of the rug, represent a common person's life cycle.

It has fuor steps, one represents birth, the second childhood, the third youth, the fourth one represents maturity of mind and body. The line flattens representing settlement, marriage.

Then the line goes down showing when a person has reproduced bringing new life to the world thus giving most of his energy to the new human being.

The line draws back, representing death and the transition to the other world.

But if you follow the pattern you notice that it comes back and draws another life cycle symbol telling you that that person will born again and go through the cycle again and again only leaving it by becoming a "warrior*"
* warrior is a person who fights against his own death.

You can see that the symbol is like a ying and yang, you have 2 life cycles one for your "TONAL" (Body) and one for your "NAGUAL" (Soul).

2.-
In the middle we have the Shaman's life Cycle Symbol, you can tell is very different in shape, this is because a Shaman is aware at the same time of his TONAL (Body) and his NAGUAL (Soul), a Shaman knows that TONAL (Body) and NAGUAL (Soul) are the same energy, the same body, the same thing.

The Symbol has the form of a Snail, because a Shaman teaches that the most important things are within, everything you need to own you already have it, everything you need to know you already know it, you just neet to search within your self.

The symbol is also duplicated up side down, again representing the mystery of the mirror, everything you see is just a mirror of your inner world.

Both symbols when seen together make up the form of a butterfly, the butterfly of wisdom.
It's believed that when you reach inner peace and balance you can see the world through the EYE OF GOD, the eye of god is the Diamond pattern in the middle.
One you are seeing the world from God's eyes the butterfly of wisdom comes to you, look at a butterfly their flight is not linear but they are beautiful and fragile, and they come to the flower when it is ready, just like wisdom does. The analogy breaks here : )

The green color represents the spirits of the mountain helping the young Zapotec boy to achieve inner peace and balance.

Materials used: sheep wool, local bush to dye orange, yellow moss, indigo and aniline dye for green.

Looking for a Job?

2008-05-20T19:32:00.003-05:00

Dead might just be around the corner...So i think one should work on

-something that one is really passionate about.
-something that contributes to the sustainable progress of human kind
-something that makes one's life meaningful, worthwhile living, worthwhile suffering the tough times, worthwhile working those extra hours and worthwhile putting all that energy, life love and consciousness to it.

I just got my Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Engineering in México.

I went through a period where I did not knew what I really wanted to do with my life : ( I was seriously confused! why bother working? Do we really need the money? I live in a small town of the community, the land is basically free, you can grow your own food and make a very happy life weaving rugs, farming, having a family, not having a lot of money but not being poor either.

I had to decide between two worlds the indigenous way of life and the so called "modern life" in a big city in México. Or may be try to find a balance between the two, I'll try that one.

Meanwhile I was making up my mind, I was listening all kinds of lectures I downloaded from UC Berkeley webcast, and itunesU, listening the sound of all those different worlds from Material Science, Computer Science, Philosophy, Chemistry, Biology, Psychology, Entrepreneurship, Wild life, History etc, I found my true passion work for the sustainable progress of Humankind.

If industrial engineers help companies to be more efficient and to have better quality, what happens when companies are on the wrong path? would it help to be more efficient and to have better quality? What happens when the products being manufactured are the causes of many of the problems we face today? If the products contain carcinogens, mutagens, toxic substances or heavy metals, what happens to the people that uses them and to our children, do we want to be efficient in producing those goods?
What happens when the service being provided makes the rich richer and the poor poorer? When workers are being exploited in the other side of the planet.
What happens when the companies that we work for deplete the resources for future generations and in doing so pollute the environment, causing climate chaos and rising CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere.

I did not know where to go to work, there are not many options left after considering all those issues. I learned through stanford entrepreneur and leadership lectures that there are people who find their passion, dream a future and work hard to make it real. I found out there are many companies really making a difference in the world, I want to work for them, I would gladly be their happy fulfilled slave. If can not get or find a job at a "GOOD" company I would rather struggle making my way into the entrepreneurship arena than going to work for the "BAD" companies.

But for now, I decided to get a PhD in Design for Sustainability at the University of Liverpool.UK.

Althoug, right now I'm dyeing to start a company that distributes and sell environmentally friendly products in Oaxaca, México.

Posgrado en la Universidad de Liverpool,UK

2008-05-14T23:35:00.003-05:00

Me es un placer informarles que he sido aceptado para estudiar un doctorado directo en la Universidad de Liverpool, UK participando en el proyecto de investigación:

Diseño para la sustentabilidad: Métodos Industriales.

Resumen:
En la actualidad hay diferentes métodos que tratan de ayudar a las empresas a encaminarse hacia la sustentabilidad – el más conocido y promovido es el Análisis del ciclo de vida, por ejemplo a través de las series ISO 14000. Sin embargo éstos métodos no están siendo ampliamente utilizados. El proyecto propondrá y probará un nuevo método que tome en cuenta los problemas enfrentados por los métodos existentes.

Para continuar con el proceso requiero nuevamente 3 cartas de recomendación, por ello he pensado en ustedes porque han sido maestros y amigos que tuve la oportunidad de conocer durante mi carrera profesional y ahora nuevamente me veo en la necesidad de su apoyo.

Mi intención es formarme en Liverpool para ser un Ingeniero Industrial experto en Diseño de procesos y métodos industriales Sustentables. Conocer y manejar toda la normatividad y estándares al respecto para poder contribuir con el desarrollo sustentable del país, ayudando a las empresas mexicanas a exceder las disposiciones regulatorias ambientales y alcanzar los estándares de calidad requeridos y al mismo tiempo beneficiarse de los beneficios económicos, sociales y ambientales de tales logros.
Con mi experiencia en el país británico y en el continente Europeo ayudaré a las empresas Mexicanas a cumplir con la normatividad particular para penetrar más eficientemente a ese nicho de mercado.

He entrado en contacto con la empresa Chicza que planea entrar al mercado británico posicionándose con una goma de mascar biodegradable certificada orgánica.

En fin me gustaría platicar y recibir sus consejos, nos vemos en persona muy pronto, adjunto el archivo para elaborar la carta de recomendación para que vayan rellenando los datos.

Muchas gracias de antemano, sinceramente.
Samuel.

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Más información sobre el asunto... …

Me interesa este proyecto de investigación porque he descubierto las nuevas tendencias de la economía global, después del boom de las empresas .com (google, youtube) ahora los visionarios pintan un futuro en el que las empresas verdes, la sustentabilidad, lo natural y orgánico, la reducción de las emisiones de dióxido de Carbono, los combustibles no fósiles y las energías alternativas juegan el papel central en la reactivación de la economía, y el rescate del medio ambiente al cambio climático.

Basta mirar este artículo de business week
http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/apr2007/tc20070405_202295.htm?chan=top+news_top+news+index_technology
en el año 2007 los Capitalistas arriesgados (Venture Capitalist) invirtieron 2 billones de dólares en la creación de nuevas empresas de generación de energías limpias, docenas de nuevas empresas se crean día a día y otras se retransforman para adaptarse a este nuevo paradigma.

Por citar un ejemplo, la empresa más grande del mundo Walmart anuncia su nueva línea de productos orgánicos en USA, para mejorar su imagen corporativa y salvar al medio ambiente. Al mejorar la eficiencia de su flota vehicular Walmart reduce sus costos de transportación, influye a sus proveedores y los hace reducir el empaque y embalaje en un 5% logrando con ello ahorros de 3.4 Billones de Dólares, esto también repercutió en el medio ambiente trayendo generosos beneficios al evitar que 667,000 ton métricas de C02 fueran emitidas a la atmósfera. Y quién no pensaría en ello cuando los precios internacionales del petróleo se han mantenido siempre a la alza.

Con esto se pretende ilustrar que además de ser una empresa con responsabilidad social corporativa, ser sustentable es económicamente atractivo, sin mencionar que la sustentabilidad es vista con muy buenos ojos por los departamentos de Marketing, por la sociedad, los gobiernos y los accionistas.

Por otro lado, muchas empresas solo pretenden ser verdes y sustentables, y no han hecho los cambios necesarios para ser acreedores a tales términos, a pesar de que las certificadoras orgánicas y de comercio justo se han multiplicado, los gobiernos no han sido capaces de regular al respecto.

El concepto de diseño sustentable ha sufrido un cambio de paradigma, William McDonough en su libro "Cradle to Cradle" nos presenta los saltos cuánticos que tenemos que dar como humanidad. El modelo de la pasada revolución industrial que se sustrae - manufactura y desecha es causa de los muchos problemas ambientales y de salud que aquejan a la humanidad. Este modelo debe ser cambiado por uno eco-eficiente en el que, mediante el diseño ecológico inteligente, las materias primas utilizadas no sean tóxicas sino que sean alimento biodegradable para los ecosistemas naturales o simplemente insumos para procesos industriales regenerativos de reciclabilidad indefinida.

Pensemos en un la analogía con un árbol, un sistema que exporta más energía de lo que consume, capta y almacena energía solar, secuestra el dióxido de carbono, purifica el agua que utiliza y crea microclimas y ecosistemas que albergan una gran diversidad de vida y que por último los desechos que devuelve al suelo son fertilizantes que re-nutren la tierra que lo alberga así mismo, sin mencionar claro, que es un sistema intrínsecamente bello. Este sistema contrasta claramente con nuestra forma actual de medir nuestro impacto al medio ambiente, a caso, ¿ser menos malo equivale a ser bueno?, a caso ¿contaminar menos equivale a Purificar? ¿Hacer menos daño equivale a salvar el medio ambiente?

Son nuevos paradigmas de pensamiento y nuevas oportunidades para enfocar nuestra creatividad, en vez de lamentarnos de un mundo de escasos recursos, lleno de desechos tóxicos por la naturaleza de sus producto, en vez preocuparnos de la dificultad de cumplir con las dispocisiones regulatorias y de la responsabilidad corporativa, ¿por qué no enfocarnos a diseñar procesos industriales y productos que sean tan seguros de tal forma que no necesiten regulación? que nuestra creatividad maximice el trinomio del beneficio económico - ecológico - social, por ello la necesidad de analizar los estándares y métodos necesarios para lograr la sustentabilidad.

La serie ISO 14000 surge como resultado de la reunión para las negociaciones del Acuerdo General sobre Tarifas y Comercio (GATT) efectuado en Uruguay en 1986, aunado a esto se tiene el impulso que le dio la Conferencia sobre el Medio Ambiente efectuada en Río de Janeiro en 1992.

En Junio de este mismo año de 1992 fue publicada la Norma Británica BS7750 para un Sistema de Gestión Ambiental. Esta norma fue la base que sirvió para diseñar un nuevo Sistema mas estricto, altamente influenciado por los altos estándares de las empresas alemanas, este nuevo Sistema Europeo fue denominado Eco-Gestión y Esquema de Auditorias (EMAS). Más tarde en Enero de 1994 la Norma Británica BS7750 fue revisada para ser compatible con la Eco-Gestión y Esquema de Auditorias (EMAS) Europea. La EMAS y la BS7750 difieren de la Norma ISO 14000 en relación a que enfatiza la publicación de sus resultados al público.

Los críticos argumentan que la Política ambiental basada en la Norma ISO 14000 no necesariamente garantiza que la organización no este dañando el medio ambiente, las empresas se quejan de que la Norma requiere documentación masiva lo cual consume una significativa cantidad de recursos y de personal.

A lo anterior debemos sumar boom de las consultoras y certificadoras lo que ha llevado a cuestionar la imparcialidad y justicia del proceso de Certificación que al final de cuentas resulta altamente costoso. Las empresas se preguntan porque no se estandariza el proceso de certificación o quién certifica a las entidades de certificación. Por otro lado, la certificación no distingue entre las Organizaciones que apenas cumplen con lo mínimo indispensable requerido por las Normas de aquellas que las exceden en gran medida.

Otras preocupaciones ha surgido desde la publicación de Estándares Internacionales, está implícito en la serie de Normas ISO 9000 e ISO 14000 que con un proceso de Calidad obtendremos productos de Calidad y un Medio Ambiente limpio, el enfoque en el proceso versus enfoque al producto.

Existen empresas que han obtenido la certificación ISO 9000 y se muestran conservadoras ante adopción de la certificación en ISO 14000 debido a que ésta es más estricta y requiere recursos adicionales de asesoría y personal especializado en normatividad y medio ambiente. Dichas empresas se ven incapaces de adquirir y mantener otro Sistema de Gestión adicional al que ya llevan, mientras cuestionan sobre los beneficios, argumentan que la carga burocrática y de control de documentos incrementa sus costos fijos y variables. También hacen notar sobre la amenaza de un nuevo Estándar Internacional ISO relativo a la Higiene y seguridad industrial.

Finalmente las empresas multinacionales altamente descentralizadas y diversas han hecho notar que la aplicación de los estándares no coinciden con la realidad de la era global dado que ISO solo permite la certificación multi-sitio si y solo si hay un sistema de administración central y conjunto para cada sitio. Esto contradice los principios de administración modernos que han adoptado estas multinacionales.

What do I do with my life in Teotitlan del Valle Oaxaca, a Zapotec Rug Weaver

2008-04-21T18:53:00.011-05:00

Hey there,,
I'm a 23 year old weaver from Teotitlan del Valle, a small town located 30min from the beautiful city of Oaxaca.
I like living here with my family, I studied a BS in Industrial Engineering at the Oaxaca Institute of Technology, in the city of Oaxaca. I'm applying to study towards a PhD at the University of Liverpool,UK. If I get accepted I'll be in the Uk for 4-5 years.

I learned to weave from a very young age, my family has kept the weaving tradition for many generations and I don´t want to give it up as well, but I'm trying to find a balanced life style with my career.

A typical routine in my life is wake up and ge ready for school, have something to drink sometimes orange juice, "Atole" chocolate, tea and a piece of bread. I ride my bike to teach two hours of Math or Physics at the local high school, when I finish my classes I head towards the everyday morning market held in the community get the food mom bought, I help her to sell shoes or I go ahead her to cook real lunch. My dad goes to the Alfalfa fields every morning to cut and irrigate, I help him when possible and sometimes we go in the afternoon.

We have breakfast together, we talk about things going on in our community, about the family, etc, we sit like an hour, sometimes more! I help to wash the dishes sometimes but mom always say I'll do go do something else. I check my email and surf the web for an hour, then I feel like is time to be productive so I head towards DOWNTOWN I wander around, I go to the church and look if there are tourists around, is hard being a salesman, specially when you feel you have everything against you, my house is not located like 4 blocks from the church, we do not have signs on the main road, I feel like tourist are afraid about going to weavers houses to see the rug making process and hopefully buy rugs, we also don't have a place in the Rug Market, the TOUR agencies have contracts with a family who has a monopoly
on the tours, well why not if the give 40% sales commission and if most of the tour agencies do not want to work with other weavers.

So I try to do my best, I feel like stalking people, I create a situation where they can feel comfortable meeting someone "chance", it doesn't always work : ( but randomly I met people who find me an interesting person to talk to, so we talk, I try to talk to them about our culture and history, I ask them questions about them, their countries, trying not to scare them and willing to learn something from them and their view of life.
If they accept I invite them to my HOUSE where I show the the Cochineal a bug that grows in the cactus and is used to dye the wool leaving colors that range from dark deep reds to more bright reds just by adding lemon juice this leaves different shades of red until we get the last color which is pink. But also by adding lime stone (calcium) the cochineal turns into purple shades of color. I let my new friends to try for them selves and grind the bug on a METATE which is a big stone used to grind stuff in ancient Mexico.

I show them the carding of the wool, and the spinning, I talk a lot about the history and evolution of the weaving process, because actually my mom is who does the spinning better, we also let them try to card and spin.

I show to our new friends how do we weave in our looms, and also give them a short lesson so that they can feel how is like weaving a rug, and hopefully this will make them more conscious when the time for bargaining and negotiation of rug's prices comes.

Then I take our new friends to a studio where we have and display our rugs, here I start to talk again I tell them about my insights of what the rug patterns and symbols mean, and how they have been preserved as a silent knowledge as some writers like to call it.

We have a good time and hopefully our new tourist friends will buy many rugs, we take pictures and maybe they will stay longer to eat and spend more time with the family, if not I walk them to DOWNTOWN again, and I start to look for more tourists, but my experience tells my that is 10 times harder to get more customers int he second round, may be because I got so tired in the first one : )

So today I gave up! I'm now searching the web trying to learn and find interesting stuff, I download free lectures from UC Berkeley website and Itunes U I put into my ipod, hoping that if I listen them I will learn something or at least improve my English ; )

I often upload videos to www.youtube.com/dixza I comment and watch a lot of videos.

I have COMIDA or dinner, I eat a lot, I tried to be vegetarian and failed several times, but I try to be conscious about what I eat, but I always notice I do not chew my food enough XD

In the afternoons I hang out in town with my friends, although most of them are getting married or working hard leaving them with less free time to hang out.
But also it happens some times that all of my friends are in the CYBER CAFE renting computers to surf on the web and talk to more friends on IM messenger, so I decide to walk around with no direction just to relax and then go back home to sing in Messenger and be able to talk to my friends in the Cyber cafe!
But other times my friends get bored of the Internet and we have good times talking, visiting other friends or renting a movie to watch.

I go back home, surf the internet again, do some emails, upload videos, download videos and demos for my clases, all from youtube!

I go to bed, wake up late, hurry up to get to school on time and life goes on rolling rolling!
stones !
XD
SA.BA.LA

GEOMETRÍA, Preparatoría Lázaro Cárdenas

2008-02-06T01:38:00.000-06:00

GEOMETRÍA
Determinar perímetros, áreas volúmenes, a través de la aplicación de conceptos, postulados, y teoremas de polígonos: círculo, circunferencia y sus sólidos, para la resolución de problemas de la vida cotidiana.

Links
http://www.salonhogar.com/matemat/geometria/index.htm

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portada

http://buscon.rae.es/draeI/
Diccionario de la Real Academa de la Lengua Española

Historia
ASIRIOS BABILONIOS: Pertenecientes a la civilización Sumeria. Tercer milenio antes de nuestra era. Sabían calcular áreas. Poseían nociones sobre semejanza de triángulos y aplicaciones prácticas del Teorema de Pitágoras. Asignaron a ¶ un valor de 3

Historia
EGIPCIOS: Documentos del Siglo XIX a.C., aparecen procedimientos para calcular longitudes, áreas de algunas figuras planas y volumen de ciertos poliedros. ¶=3.1604.
La crecida del río Nilo alteraba los límites de las tierras de lo cual dependía el pago de los impuestos.

Historia
Otras civilizaciones:
Civilización del Anáhuac o mesoamericana.

¿?

Historia
GRIEGOS: Tales de Mileto introdujo la geometría a los pensadores griegos. Era tan elevado el concepto que los pensadores griegos tenían de las matemáticas que que platón hizo poner en el pórtico de su famosa academia la siguiente frase:
“NO ENTRE QUIEN NO SEPA GEOMETRÍA”

AXIOMAS Y POSTULADOS
La distancia más corta entre dos puntos es una línea recta.
Por dos puntos pasa una recta y solo una.
Dos rectas solo pueden tener un punto en común
El todo es mayor que cualquiera de sus partes.
Por un punto exterior a una recta pasa una sola paralela a dicha recta

TEOREMAS
La suma de los ángulos interiores de un triángulo es igual a 180º
Dos ángulos adyacentes son suplementarios.
Los ángulos opuestos por el vértice son iguales.
El cuadrado de la hipotenusa es igual a la suma de los cuadrados de los catetos.
a2+b2 = c2

POLÍGONOS.Definición, notación y clasificación
Un polígono es una figura plana limitada por líneas rectas que forman una línea quebrada cerrada.

Otras definiciones…
Al dibujar varios segmentos consecutivos obtendremos una línea poligonal. Un polígono es la región interior de una línea poligonal cerrada y no cruzada. Sus elementos son: los lados, los vértices y las diagonales. A la línea que lo rodea se la llama contorno del polígono. Las figuras pueden dividirse en dos grandes grupos: cóncavas y convexas.

1.1.1 CLASIFICACIÓNPor la amplitud de sus lados
La concavidad de una curva o una superficie, es la zona que se asemeja al INTERIOR de una circunferencia o al de una superficie esférica; es el concepto opuesto a la convexidad.

Los polígonos cóncavos son los que tienen uno o varios ángulos mayores de 180º y pueden ser cortados en más de dos puntos por una recta secante.

Los polígonos convexos son aquellos cuyos ángulos interiores son menores de 180º y sólo pueden ser cortados en dos puntos por una recta secante.

1.1.1 CLASIFICACIÓNPor la medida de sus lados y sus ángulos
REGULARES: Cuando sus lados y sus ángulos son todos iguales entre sí.
IRREGULARES: Si al menos uno de sus lados o ángulos es diferente de los demás.

1.1.1 CLASIFICACIÓN Polígonos Regulares
Polígono en el cual todos sus lados son de igual longitud, y todos sus vértices están circunscritos en una circunferencia

1.1.1 CLASIFICACIÓN Polígonos Irregulares
Polígono en el cual sus lados no son de igual longitud y/o sus vértices no están contenidos en una circunferencia

Nomenclatura de los Polígonos
Triángulos 3 lados
Cuadriláteros 4 lados
Pentágonos 5 lados
Hexágonos 6 lados
Heptágonos 7 lados
Octágonos 8 lados
Eneágonos 9 lados
Decágonos 10 lados
Endecágonos 11 lados
Dodecágonos 12 lados
Icoságanos 20 lados

1.1.2 SUMA DE ÁNGULOS INTERIORES Y EXTERIORES
Si desea conocer el número total de diagonales que es posible trazar.

D= n (n-3)
2
Demostración: Como de cada vértice se pueden trazar (n-3) diagonales, y como un polígono tiene n vértices, entonces se pueden trazar n(n-3) diagonales de todos los vértices; pero como cada diagonal tiene dos vértices entonces el número total de diagonales es la mitad.

1.1.2 SUMA DE ÁNGULOS INTERIORES Y EXTERIORES
Número de triángulos, (t) = n-2; n= número de vértices del polígono
Sabemos que:
La suma de los ángulos interiores de un triángulo es igual a 180º, por lo tanto:
La suma de los ángulos interiores (i) de un polígono es igual al número de triángulos contenidos en el por 180º
∑i= t*180

1.1.2 SUMA DE ÁNGULOS INTERIORES Y EXTERIORES

(l) (n)=l (d)= n-3 (t)= n-2 (i) = t*180
POLÍGONO LADOS VÉRTICES (n) DIAGONALES DUMV (d) Número de triángulos (t) Suma de ángulos interiores (i)
Triangulo 3 3 0 1 180º
Cuadrilatero 4 4 1 2 360º
Pentágono 5 5 2 3 540º
Hexágono 6 6 3 4 720º
Heptágono 7 7 4 5 900º
Octágono 8 8 5 6 1080º
Eneágono 9 9 6 7 1260º
Decágono 10 10 7 8 1440º
Endecágono 11 11 8 9 1620º
Dodecágono 12 12 9 10 1800º
13 lados 13 13 10 11 1980º
14 lados 14 14 11 12 2160º
15 lados 15 15 12 13 2340º
16 lados 16 16 13 14 2520º
17 lados 17 17 14 15 2700º
18 lados 18 18 15 16 2880º
19 lados 19 19 16 17 3060º
20 lados 20 20 17 18 3240º
21 lados 21 21 18 19 3420º
22 lados 22 22 19 20 3600º
23 lados 23 23 20 21 3780º
24 lados 24 24 21 22 3960º
25 lados 25 25 22 23 4140º
26 lados 26 26 23 24 4320º
27 lados 27 27 24 25 4500º
28 lados 28 28 25 26 4680º
29 lados 29 29 26 27 4860º
30 lados 30 30 27 28 5040º
31 lados 31 31 28 29 5220º
32 lados 32 32 29 30 5400º
33 lados 33 33 30 31 5580
34 lados 34 34 31 32 5760
35 lados 35 35 32 33 5940
36 lados 36 36 33 34 6120
37 lados 37 37 34 35 6300
38 lados 38 38 35 36 6480
39 lados 39 39 36 37 6660
40 lados 40 40 37 38 6840
41 lados 41 41 38 39 7020
42 lados 42 42 39 40 7200
43 lados 43 43 40 41 7380
44 lados 44 44 41 42 7560
45 lados 45 45 42 43 7740
46 lados 46 46 43 44 7920
47 lados 47 47 44 45 8100
48 lados 48 48 45 46 8280
49 lados 49 49 46 47 8460
50 lados 50 50 47 48 8640
51 lados 51 51 48 49 8820
52 lados 52 52 49 50 9000
53 lados 53 53 50 51 9180
54 lados 54 54 51 52 9360
55 lados 55 55 52 53 9540
56 lados 56 56 53 54 9720
57 lados 57 57 54 55 9900
58 lados 58 58 55 56 10080
59 lados 59 59 56 57 10260
60 lados 60 60 57 58 10440
61 lados 61 61 58 59 10620
62 lados 62 62 59 60 10800
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FESTIVAL DE TEOTITLAN DEL VALLE

2007-07-08T23:29:00.000-05:00

Las Fiestas de Teotitlan del Valle inician con el saludo a la Aurora de rosáseos dedos allá en lo alto del Campanario del Templo de la comunidad.

Por la tarde, las muchachas solteras del pueblo visten el traje de gala teñido de rojo carmín proveniente de la cochinilla conocida como el Oro rojo de Oaxaca. Las hermosas Zapotecas portan vistosas canastas de flores adornadas y llenas de colorido haciendo alusión a motivos religiosos o a santos a los que se han encomendado.

Para los chavos es una oportunidad para conocer quienes se encuentran solteras y sin compromiso ; P

Por la tarde se baila la famosa Danza de la Pluma, una gran ofrenda al festival, su significado y origen aun son confusos y en la actualidad se alude a que es una representación de la guerra de la conquista donde los viejos abouelos (Ancestros Zapotecos, Aztecaz, Mayas, Toltecas, Tlaxcaltecas, etc) aceptamos la religion catolica en son de paz, se dice que la danza fue inspirada en el movimiento de los planetas y de los astros, también parecen ser posiciones y estrategias militares. También se sabe que de la danza de los guerreros que representa una recapitulación de sus logros en la batalla encontra de la muerte.
Los pasos magicos que se ejecutan en la danza tienen efectos en el bienestar de nuestro cuerpo y de nuestra bola de energía, pateamos la energía estancada al rededor de nuestra bola de energía, esa es energía estancada que será liberada para reutilizarse y adquirir mas fuerza y salud, prolongando así la vida del individuo.

La corona de plumas de ave representa la energía espiritual del ser humano, las monedas representan las escamas de la serpiente y la energía o mundo material del ser humano, en la danza se equilibran ambas energías o ambos mundos, alcanzado un estado de serpiente emplumada o QUETZALCOATL.

Por la noche se quema el Castillo, se balila con los toritos de luz, el guajolote, y las damas de honor.

Al siguiente día se vuvelve a bailar nuevamente la danza de la pluma y el festival se repite en su totalidad en la llamada Octava-